Class 10 Social Science – Development

Class 10 Social Science – Development Question and Answers (From Q4 to Q13)

Question 4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Answer:

World Bank uses Per Capita Income as the main criterion in classifying different countries. Although per capita is useful for comparison the limitation of this are:

·         Per capita income doesn’t show the distribution of income. In a nuclear family children and senior citizens do not earn. In a developing country they make up a large part of the population.

·         Per Capita Income in favour of nations with low childbirth and senior citizens having pensions, thus it is in favour of developed nations.

·         Per Capita Income also ignores other factors such as infant mortality rate, literacy level, healthcare, etc. But developed countries score better on these factors too.

Question 5. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?

Answer: For measuring development World Bank only uses per capita income. Per capita income is useful for comparison; it does not tell us how income is distributed.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) uses Human Development Index (HDI) which includes factors like Infant Mortality, Healthcare facility, Education Level, and Standard of Living.

TOP 5 COUNTRIES vs INDIA IN 2014

By HDI in 2014	By Per Capita Income 2014
1.           1.         Norway, 2.       Australia, 3.       Switzerland, 4.        Netherlands, 5.       United States … 135. India	1. Bermuda 2. Liechtenstein 3. Norway 4. Switzerland 5.Luxembourg … 169. India

Question 6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.

Answer: We use averages because they are useful to compute differences in the incomes of diverse people.

1.        Simplification: Averages condense large amounts of data into a single, understandable figure.

2.      Comparability: They make it easier to compare different regions, states, or countries.

3.      Trend Analysis: Averages help identify trends over time.

Limitations of Using Averages:

1.        Doesn't Show Distribution: Averages don't show how income is distributed among the population.

2.      Ignores Inequality: High-income inequality can be masked by a high average income.

3.      Outliers: Extreme values can skew the average.

(Full Answers from Q4 to Q 13 in above video only)